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    November 02

    《芣苡》是端午节驱邪的民俗活动记录(端午节是先于屈原的传统习俗)(原创,转载请告知)

    “采采芣苡,薄言采之。采采芣苡,薄言有之。采采芣苡,薄言掇之。采采芣苡,薄言捋之。采采芣苡,薄言袺之。采采芣苡,薄言襭之。“

    闻一多《匡斋尺牍》里论《诗经·芣苡》:“芣苡”的本意是“胚胎”,因有“宜子的功用”,被初民社会作为“性本能的演出”的论调纯粹是胡说八道,将一部诗经直接冠上”淫诗“的帽子更可见他对传统文化研习功力之不足。

    芣苡是车前草,在诗经成书之时代,它更是一个标志性的植物,这与它自身的特性有关,也与当时的社会文化背景有关。分开论述:

    1、为什么说芣苡的特性决定了他在那个时代是标志性的:芣苡又叫车前草,好生道旁,所以有这个名字,《别录》云:五月五日采,阴干。李时珍言五月子已老。唐代张籍诗云:开州五月车前子,作药人皆道有神,惭愧文君怜病眼,三十里外寄闲人。从这些记载,都能看到,车前草在五月采子,这个是它自身的特性,而五月五日这个特定的日子更与先秦时代的文化有关。

    2、当时的社会文化背景:在先秦时代,普遍认为五月是个毒月,五日是恶日。《吕氏春秋》中《仲夏记》一章规定人们在五月要禁欲、斋戒。《夏小正》中记:“此日蓄药,以蠲除毒气。”《大戴礼》中记,“五月五日畜兰为沐浴”以浴驱邪认为重五是死亡之日的传说也很多。《史记·孟尝君列传》记历史上有名的孟尝君,在五月五日出生。其父要其母不要生下他,认为“五月子者,长于户齐,将不利其父母。”《风俗通》佚文,“俗说五月五日生子,男害父,女害母”。《论衡》的作者王充也记述:“讳举正月、五月子;以正月、五月子杀父与母,不得举也。” 东晋大将王镇恶五月初五生,其祖父便给他取名为“镇恶”。宋徽宗赵佶五月初五生,从小寄养在宫外。可见,古代以五月初五为恶日,是普遍现象。可见从先秦以后,此日均为不吉之日。这样,在此日插菖蒲、艾叶以驱鬼,薰苍术、白芷和喝雄黄酒以避疫,就是顺理成章的事。,而采车前草,正可以去”风毒“!

    综上两点,《芣苡》记载的是五月五日这天,民众采药以驱邪,蠲除毒气这个习俗的具体过程。”采采“两字,也与”采采卷耳“中意义相同,说明了芣苡在这个时节广袤的生长。

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