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    November 06

    《汝坟》是标示孝道 (原创,转载请告知)

    孝,善事父母者。——《说文》;孝利亲也。——《墨子经》;慈惠爱亲为孝。协时肇享为孝、五宗安之曰孝,秉德不回曰孝。——《周书·谥法》

    解读诗经上面几篇,已经可以看出《诗经.周南》记录的周家“乡乐”是周朝祖代相传的核心价值观,那么《汝坟》一篇,也就决不可能是女诗人思春作品!前面已经有一字误解,让整篇文意倒置千年的教训,譬如《卷耳》“吁”字的误解,将周人励志诗篇解读成了挖野菜妇人对远出丈夫悲戚的思念;譬如《汉广》“有”字的误读,将周人的择偶观误读成了朦胧的单相思!《汝坟》一篇中也有类似的误读,即将“燬”字误读成“烧毁宫殿”!

    众所周知,周朝尚火德:“及文王之时,天先见火,赤鸟衔丹书集于周社。文王曰:“火气胜!”火气胜,故其色尚赤,其事则火。”“燬”字固然是烈火之意,但在周人的价值观中,烈火代表着的是兴旺与红火,而不是毁灭!同理,“鲂鱼赪尾”,乃是鲂鱼或胭脂鱼在发情期间所特有的发红现象,在周人的眼中,或许这种也意味着吉祥或者事业的成功,结合周朝时为官传着红袍的习俗,这“鲂鱼赪尾”就暗示着君子在官场的发迹。

    那么“鲂鱼赪尾,王室如燬。虽则如燬,父母孔迩”的解释,当是,君子在朝中为官,事业兴旺,但即便如此(虽则如燬),也不能远弃父母,要让父母近在身旁!

    来个全文翻译:

    遵彼汝坟,伐其条枚。未见君子,惄如调饥。 (父母)沿着那个汝河的堤岸在砍柴(条,树枝;枚,小树干),见不到儿子,每日心中思念如每日晨起的饥饿!

    遵彼汝坟,伐其条肄。既见君子,不我遐弃。 (父母)沿着那个汝河的堤岸在砍柴,却看见儿子(从远方)回来了,原来他也没有遗弃我们(双亲)哪!

    鲂鱼赪尾,王室如燬。虽则如燬,父母孔迩。 (儿子)身穿那官家的大红袍,他在朝中事业兴旺,即使是这样,他也离父母的心儿很近,没有忘记父母的恩情!

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